If an effect causes a creature with changeling to lose all abilities, it will remain all creature types, even though it will no longer have changeling. This is because changeling applies before the effect that removes it.

If an effect causes a creature with changeling to become a new creature type, it will be only that new creature type (unless the effect says "in addition" or similar). It will still have changeling; the effect making it all creature types will simply be overwritten.

If a token is exiled this way, it will cease to exist and won't return to the battlefield.

The subtype Shapeshifter that appears on the type line is mostly there to reinforce the flavor. A creature card with changeling is just as much a Kithkin, a Goblin, a Merfolk, and a Brushwagg as it is a Shapeshifter.

Auras attached to the exiled creature will be put into their owners' graveyards. Equipment attached to the exiled creature will become unattached and remain on the battlefield. Any counters on the exiled creature will cease to exist.

Changeling is a characteristic-defining ability. It functions in all zones, not only while a card that has it is on the battlefield.